Electrolyte Imbalances and ECG Changes

• Peaked T waves (earliest sign)
• Prolonged PR interval
• Widened QRS complex
• Sine wave pattern (severe)

Hyperkalemia: Peaked T waves progressing to widened QRS and fusion (sine wave).

• ST segment depression
• Flattened or inverted T waves
• Prominent U waves
• Prolonged QU interval

Hypokalemia: Flattened T waves and prominent U waves after each T.

• Shortened QT interval
• Shortened ST segment
• Wide T waves

Hypercalcemia: Short QT due to abbreviated ST segment.

• Prolonged QT interval
• Prolonged ST segment
• Torsades de pointes risk

Hypocalcemia: Prolonged ST segment causes long QT.

• Prolonged PR, QRS, QT
• Heart block
• Asystole (severe)

Hypermagnesemia: Slowed conduction across all intervals.

• Prolonged QT
• Torsades de pointes
• Ventricular arrhythmias

Torsades de pointes — polymorphic VT seen in hypomagnesemia.

• No classic ECG changes
• Tachycardia (dehydration)
• Non-specific ST changes

No characteristic ECG findings. Changes are indirect.

• No direct ECG signs
• Possible bradycardia
• Changes due to underlying cause

ECG is typically normal or shows non-specific changes.

Note: These SVG ECG diagrams are simplified for educational use. Always correlate ECG findings with clinical context and lab results.

Interactive learning tool for medical students and clinicians.
Diagrams: Hand-crafted SVG illustrations — no external dependencies.