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  NURSING CARE PLAN FOR THE PATIENT WTH HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS Nursing diagnosis Goal Interventions Rationale Remarks Fluid volume excess related to compromised regulatory mechanisms secondary to cirrhosis of the liver as manifested by pallor, weak in appearance, jaundice, abdominal distension and edema Maintaining fluid volume and decreased edema Assess the hydration status It will provide a baseline data Patient demonstrated stabilized fluid volume with maintained Intake and output. Assess respiratory status , noting increased respiratory Indicative of pulmonary congestion or edema Assess the degree of peripheral and dependent edema Fluid shift into tissues as a result of sodium and water retention Monitor blood pressure BP elevations are usually associated with fluid volume excess Monitor...

  DIABETES MELLITUS Definition: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Types and Causes 1.       Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 diabetes (formerly called juvenile diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or IDDM) is caused by destruction of the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. When the beta cells are destroyed, they are unable to produce insulin. 2.       Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus (formerly called adult-onset diabetes mellitus, non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or NIDDM). In type 2 diabetes mellitus, tissues are resistant to insulin. 3.       Gestational Diabetes Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in pregnancies, especially in women with risk factors for type 2 diabetes...